{"id":52832,"date":"2015-09-09T21:16:04","date_gmt":"2015-09-09T19:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.right2city.org\/news\/shouldnt-the-new-urban-agenda-be-a-binding-agreement\/"},"modified":"2015-09-09T21:16:04","modified_gmt":"2015-09-09T19:16:04","slug":"shouldnt-the-new-urban-agenda-be-a-binding-agreement","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.right2city.org\/es\/news\/shouldnt-the-new-urban-agenda-be-a-binding-agreement\/","title":{"rendered":"Shouldn\u2019t the New Urban Agenda be a binding agreement?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Urban<\/a><\/p>\n[Articulo en Ingl\u00e9s]\n

By Pablo Aguilar Gonz\u00e1lez (Citiscope<\/a><\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n

A key premise behind next year\u2019s Habitat III<\/span> conference on urbanization<\/a> is that the future of humanity will be determined in cities. Yet if that is the case, with the legal framework that we have today, the battle is lost before it has even\u00a0begun.<\/span><\/p>\n

Our urban centres no longer function as habitable spaces in which we can ensure a minimum quality of life or satisfy spiritual, emotional, economic and physical needs. Instead, we as a civilization are facing increasing dangers brought about by our irrational use of natural\u00a0resources.<\/span><\/p>\n

This process has led to dreadful pollution in urban areas big and small. Yet it has also severely impacted on those resources necessary to sustain our population centres, depleting water supplies, encouraging desertification, extinguishing terrestrial and aquatic species \u2014 even bringing about serious changes in the global weather systems and\u00a0climate.<\/span><\/p>\n

All of this has had a direct impact on the activities and quality of life of residents in both urban and rural centres. Perhaps more worrying, governments and institutions at all levels appear to be largely unable to control the worst consequences of human\u00a0activities.<\/span><\/p>\n

Still, there are some more hopeful models. In Bolivia, for instance, an official act called the Bill of Rights of Mother Earth has resulted in the formal recognition of land as legally entitled to protections. The key here is the understanding of land as a dynamic, interrelated system \u2014 of which human settlements and cities are just one\u00a0part.<\/span><\/p>\n

Legal\u00a0force<\/span><\/h3>\n

There is no reason to stop in Bolivia. For the sake of those in today\u2019s cities and human settlements and beyond, we must have a strong legal international framework to be implemented by member states of the United Nations. The Habitat III<\/span> conference and its outcome strategy, the New Urban Agenda<\/a>, are a clear opportunity in this\u00a0regard.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u201cThe lack of binding obligation from Habitats I and II<\/span> has prevented governments from effectively fulfilling their commitments. It has also meant that citizens have lacked any real opportunity to demand their rights under the Habitat\u00a0agreements.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

What legal status does Habitat III<\/span> hold today? To answer this question, we must first look\u00a0backward.<\/span><\/p>\n

We must acknowledge that the previous Habitat conferences<\/a> \u2014 Habitats I and II<\/span>, held in 1976 and 1996 \u2014 did not meet many of their objectives. In part, this is because they resulted in no legal obligation for the U.\u202fN.<\/span><\/span> member states that participated in these conferences and signed the resulting\u00a0agreements.<\/span><\/p>\n

In essence, this lack of binding obligation has prevented governments from effectively fulfilling their commitments. It has also meant that citizens have lacked any real opportunity to demand their rights under the Habitat\u00a0agreements.<\/span><\/p>\n

Learning from these experiences, we offer the following proposal: Make Habitat III<\/span> legally binding for nations participating in the conference. Give legal force to the New Urban Agenda as an international agreement, similar to already existing legally binding instruments on the environment \u2014 for instance, the Convention on Biological\u00a0Diversity.<\/span><\/p>\n

The process by which governments enter into binding obligations through Habitat III<\/span> would also have an important empowering effect from the bottom up. Citizens would receive a potent tool by which to demand the proper implementation the New Urban Agenda. Why agree to an agenda if it isn\u2019t meant to be\u00a0implemented?<\/span><\/p>\n

New Legal\u00a0Urbanism<\/span><\/h3>\n

The legal authority of Habitat III<\/span> is just the first of five elements of a potential legal revolution that could be brought about through the New Urban\u00a0Agenda.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u201cWithout an international legal instrument derived from Habitat III<\/span>, we will have lost the battle before we realize it\u2019s even\u00a0begun.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

For the second \u201cpillar\u201d, we are proposing a \u201cNew Legal Urbanism\u201d based on a focus on human rights. This would include the creation of laws, regulations and urban development programmes containing precise rules that recognize, develop and guarantee human rights in cities and urban and rural population\u00a0centres.<\/span><\/p>\n

Third, we envision a new, integrated territorial legislative system. Such laws would focus on fundamental rights and would link a spectrum of seemingly disparate issues: housing, waste management, urban development, the environment, civil protection, climate change, rural and agrarian regulation, the public registration of property, cultural heritage and\u00a0more.<\/span><\/p>\n

The fourth pillar is a new legal methodology for urban planning and design. Again, this would be cross-cutting, bringing together environmental, urban, rural, civil protection and cultural heritage regulations. Finally, the fifth pillar consists of integrated legal tools for land management, moving in the direction of single licenses at the federal, state and municipal\u00a0levels.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Colegio Nacional de Jurisprudencia Urban\u00edstica (CNJUR<\/span>) has been working on a proposal for this concept for the past eight years. In 2007, CNJUR<\/span> elaborated upon the San Luis Plan, a call for collective action with the goal of transforming states through a new legal vision within the urban field. At the CNJUR<\/span> Urban Thinkers Campus<\/a> in Mexico, from 17-20 November, we will seek to further develop these five elements of a New Legal\u00a0Urbanism.<\/span><\/p>\n

As yet, there is no example of this process. Nonetheless, our hope is that Mexico will be the first country to undertake such changes and move in the direction of a revolutionary new legal urbanism. These principles are applicable at the global level, however, and offer a concrete proposal for Habitat III<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

If one of the guiding ideas behind Habitat III<\/span> is that the future of sustainable development will be won or lost in cities, we need to ask: With what legal weapons will we go into battle? Without an international legal instrument derived from Habitat III<\/span>, we will have lost the battle before we realize it\u2019s even\u00a0begun.<\/span><\/p>\n

Translated from the Spanish by Greg\u00a0Scruggs.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Read the original publication here.<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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